Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Clitoria ternatea L. sebagai Biofungisida dalam Mengendalikan Jamur Fusarium sp.
Keywords:
Fusarium sp., Clitoria ternatea L., antimicrobial
Abstract
Fusarium sp is a fungal pathogen that can infect plants with a wide host range. Fusarium question is a type of pathogen from a group of fungi that has a high level of virulence so that it can cause high damage to plants. Biological control of soil-borne diseases by utilizing extracts from plants as an alternative barrier to avoid the use of synthetic chemicals. Plants used as control or inhibitors of the growth of the fungus Fusarium sp., have compounds in the form of triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, essential oils, and allelopathic compounds that are released to inhibit the growth of pathogens. This research is descriptive using the literature study method to find out the potential of plant extracts that have inhibitory power on the growth of the fungus Fusarium sp. The results of the potential study of this plant extract showed that the ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea L. had an effect on inhibiting the growth of the fungus Fusarium sp.
References
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Astuti, Ovi Rizky. (2012). Uji Daya Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz dan Pav) terhadap Candida albicans ATCC 10231 secara In Vitro. Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
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Choudhary, D.K., and Johri, B.N. (2009). Interaction of Bacillus spp. and plants-with special reference to induced systemic resistance (ISR). Microb. Res. 164(5): 493–513.
Chrisnaningsih, Nety Wulandari. (2006). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Syzygium polyanthum terhadap produksi ROI Makrofag pada Mencit BALB/c yang Diinokulasi Salmonella typhimurium.Artikel. Semarang : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro.
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Jiang, C. H., Wu, F., Yu, Z. Y., Xie, P., Ke, H. J., Li, H. W. (2015). Study on screening and antagonistic mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused byAcidovorax avenaesubsp.citrulli. Microbiol. 170: 95–104.
Kloepper, J.W. Lifshitz, R. Zablotowicz R.M. (1989). Free-living bacterial inocula for enhancing crop productivity. Trends Biotechnol. 7(2): 39–43.
Konradsen F, Vander Hoek W, Cole DC, Daisley G, Singh H, Eddleston M. (2003). Reducing acute poisoning in developing countries. options for restricting the availability of pesticides. Toxicology. 192: 249– 261.
Kuswinanti, T. Baharuddin, dan Sukmawati, S. (2014). Efektivitas Isolat Bakteri dari Rizosfer dan Bahan Organik Terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum dan Fusariumo, 10 (2) pp. 68–72 DOI: 10.14692/jfi.10.2.68
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Oluwambe, T.M., and Kofoworola, A.A. (2016). Comparison of single culture and the consortium of growth-promoting rhizobacteria from three tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill ) varieties. Adv Plants Agric Res. 5(1):448 ‒455.
Park, K.H., C.Y. Lee, and H.J. Son. (2009). Mechanism of insoluble phosphate solubilization by Pseudomonas fluorescens RAF15 isolated from ginseng rhizosphere and its plant growth-promoting activities. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 49: 222–228.
Pelezar, J.R., Chan, M.J., and Krieg, N.R. (2003). Mikrobiology Concepts and Aplication.New York: PMcGraw-Hill Higer Education.
Ploetz, R.C., and Pegg, K.G. (2000). Fungel Disease of the Root, Corm and Pseudostem: Fusarium Wilt. Di dalam: Jones DR, (ed.). Disease of Banana, Abaca and Enset. Wallingford: CAB International. p. 143 - 159.
Quecine, M., Araujo, W., Marcon, J., Gai, C., and Azevedo J. (2008). Chitinolytic activity of endophytic Streptomyces and potential for biocontrol. Lett Appl Microbiol. 47 (6): 486-491.
Soesanto, L. (2008). Pengantar Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Tanaman, Suplemen ke Gulma dan Nematoda. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 573 hal.
Stein, T. 2005. Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: structures, syntheses and specific functions. Molecular Microbiology. 56 (4) : 845 – 857.
Strobel, G.A. (2003). Endophytes as sources of bioactive products. Microbes Infection. 5: 535–544.
Susanna. (2000). ”Analisis Introduksi Mikroorganisme Antagonis Untuk Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Layu (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubence) pada Pisang (Musa sapientumL.). Tesis.IPB. Bogor.
Van Loon, L. C. (2000). Syastemic induced resistance dalam Susarenko, A., Fraser, R.S.S., Van Loon, L. C. editor. Mechanisms of resistance to plant diseases. Netherland:Kluwr academic publisher. 521-574.
Wardlaw, C.W. (1972). Banana Disease. Including Plantains and Abaca. London: Longman, Green and Co LTD. P. 188-276.
Webster, J., Weber, R.W.S. (2007). Introduction to fungi third edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Agrios, G. N. (2005). Plant Pathologi 5th ed. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego. 922p.
Ashrafuzzaman, M., Hossen, F. A., Ismail, M. R, Hoque, Md.A., Islam, M.Z., Shahidullah, S.M, and Meon, S. (2009). Efficiency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for enhancement of rice growth. African Journal of Biotechnology. 8(7): 1247-1252.
Astuti, Ovi Rizky. (2012). Uji Daya Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz dan Pav) terhadap Candida albicans ATCC 10231 secara In Vitro. Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Atlas, R.M., and Bartha, R. (1993). Microbial ecology: principles and applications. 3rd Ed. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Redwood City.
Aulifa, D.L., Aryantha, I.N.P., dan Sukarno. (2014). Aktivitas anti jamur ekstrak metanol dari tumbuhan rempah-rempahan. Bionatura-Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Hayati dan Fisik. 16 (1): 10-15.
Bacon, C.W., and Hinton, S.S. (2007). Bacterial endophytes: The endophytic nische, its occupants, and its utility. In : Gnanamanickam SS. Gnanamanickam (ed.). Plant-Associated Bacteria. Springer, Berlin. pp. 155–194.
Barnett, H.L. and Binder., F.L. (1973). The fungal host-parasite relationship. Annual Review in Phytopathology. 11 : pp. 273 - 292.
Budzikiewicz, H. (2001). Siderophore-antibiotic conjugates used as Trojan horses against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemystry 1: 73-80.
Chet, I., Inbar, J., and Hadar, Y. (1997). Fungal antagonists and mycoparasites. In: Lemke, P.A. and Esser, K. The mycota: A comprehensive treatise on fungi as experimental system for basic and applied research. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: pp. 165-184.
Choudhary, D.K., and Johri, B.N. (2009). Interaction of Bacillus spp. and plants-with special reference to induced systemic resistance (ISR). Microb. Res. 164(5): 493–513.
Chrisnaningsih, Nety Wulandari. (2006). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Syzygium polyanthum terhadap produksi ROI Makrofag pada Mencit BALB/c yang Diinokulasi Salmonella typhimurium.Artikel. Semarang : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro.
Cook, R.J., and Baker, K.F. (1983). The Natural and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Patogen. The American Phytopathological Society: St. Paul MN. 539 p.
Dawwam, G.E., Elbeltagy, A., Emara, H.M., Abbas, I.H.,and Hassan,M.M. 2013. Beneficial effect of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from the roots of potato plant. Ann. Agric. Sci. 58(2): 195–201.
De Cal, A., Garcia- Lepe, R., and Melgarejo, P. (2000). Induced resistance by Penicillium oxalicum against F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici : Histological studies of infected and induced tomato stem. Phytopathology. 90: 260- 268.
De Weger LA., van Der Bij, A.J., Dekkers, L.C., Simons, M., Wijffelman, C.A., and Lugtenberg, B.J.J. (1995).Colonization of the rhizosphere of crop plants by plant-beneficial Pseudomonads FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 17: 221–228.
El-Katatny, M.H., Somitsch, W., Robra, K.H., El-Katatny, M.S., and Gubitz, G.M. (2000). Production of chitinase and ß-1,3-glucanase by Trichoderma harzianum for control of the phytopatogenic fungusSclerotium rolfsii. Food Technol Biotechnol. 38:173-180.
George, M.E. (2002). Antimikrobial agents and Chemotherapy. American Society Microbiology. 6:2868-3872
Ghannoum, M.A., Rice, L.B. (1999). Antifungan Agent : mode of action, mechanism of resistance, and correlation of these mechanism with bacterial resistance. Clinical Mikrobiology Review. 12 : 501-517
Hasani, A., Kariminik, A., dan Issazadeh, S. (2014). Streptomycetes: Characteristics and Their Antimicrobial Activities. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research.2 (1) : 63-75
Heydari, A., and Pessarakli, M. (2010). A review on biological control of fungal plant patogens using microbial antagonists. J. Biol. Sci. 10 : 273–290.
Hurek, B.R. and Hurek, T. (2011). Living inside plants: Bacterial Endophytes. Current Opinion in Plant Pathology.14: 435–443.
Jatmiko, S., Harsanti, S., Sarwoto, dan Ardiwinata, AN. (2002). Apakah herbisida yang digunakan cukup aman? Bogor : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan.
Jiang, C. H., Wu, F., Yu, Z. Y., Xie, P., Ke, H. J., Li, H. W. (2015). Study on screening and antagonistic mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused byAcidovorax avenaesubsp.citrulli. Microbiol. 170: 95–104.
Kloepper, J.W. Lifshitz, R. Zablotowicz R.M. (1989). Free-living bacterial inocula for enhancing crop productivity. Trends Biotechnol. 7(2): 39–43.
Konradsen F, Vander Hoek W, Cole DC, Daisley G, Singh H, Eddleston M. (2003). Reducing acute poisoning in developing countries. options for restricting the availability of pesticides. Toxicology. 192: 249– 261.
Kuswinanti, T. Baharuddin, dan Sukmawati, S. (2014). Efektivitas Isolat Bakteri dari Rizosfer dan Bahan Organik Terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum dan Fusariumo, 10 (2) pp. 68–72 DOI: 10.14692/jfi.10.2.68
Lyon, G. (2007). Agents that Can Elicit Induced Resistance. In: Walters, D., A. Newton, & G. Lyon, (Eds). Induced Resistance for Plant Defence: Sustainable Approach to Crop Protection. Blackwell Publishing. pp.9-30.
Oluwambe, T.M., and Kofoworola, A.A. (2016). Comparison of single culture and the consortium of growth-promoting rhizobacteria from three tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill ) varieties. Adv Plants Agric Res. 5(1):448 ‒455.
Park, K.H., C.Y. Lee, and H.J. Son. (2009). Mechanism of insoluble phosphate solubilization by Pseudomonas fluorescens RAF15 isolated from ginseng rhizosphere and its plant growth-promoting activities. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 49: 222–228.
Pelezar, J.R., Chan, M.J., and Krieg, N.R. (2003). Mikrobiology Concepts and Aplication.New York: PMcGraw-Hill Higer Education.
Ploetz, R.C., and Pegg, K.G. (2000). Fungel Disease of the Root, Corm and Pseudostem: Fusarium Wilt. Di dalam: Jones DR, (ed.). Disease of Banana, Abaca and Enset. Wallingford: CAB International. p. 143 - 159.
Quecine, M., Araujo, W., Marcon, J., Gai, C., and Azevedo J. (2008). Chitinolytic activity of endophytic Streptomyces and potential for biocontrol. Lett Appl Microbiol. 47 (6): 486-491.
Soesanto, L. (2008). Pengantar Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Tanaman, Suplemen ke Gulma dan Nematoda. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 573 hal.
Stein, T. 2005. Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: structures, syntheses and specific functions. Molecular Microbiology. 56 (4) : 845 – 857.
Strobel, G.A. (2003). Endophytes as sources of bioactive products. Microbes Infection. 5: 535–544.
Susanna. (2000). ”Analisis Introduksi Mikroorganisme Antagonis Untuk Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Layu (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubence) pada Pisang (Musa sapientumL.). Tesis.IPB. Bogor.
Van Loon, L. C. (2000). Syastemic induced resistance dalam Susarenko, A., Fraser, R.S.S., Van Loon, L. C. editor. Mechanisms of resistance to plant diseases. Netherland:Kluwr academic publisher. 521-574.
Wardlaw, C.W. (1972). Banana Disease. Including Plantains and Abaca. London: Longman, Green and Co LTD. P. 188-276.
Webster, J., Weber, R.W.S. (2007). Introduction to fungi third edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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