Antifungal Activity of Pare Leaf (Momordica charantia L.) Methanol Extract
Keywords:
antifungal, pare leaf, methanol extract
Abstract
Pare leaf (Momordica charantia L) is known to have potential as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent. This plant contains tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The administration of pare leaf methanol extract was hypothesized to increase inhibition zone in Candida albicans and Rhodotorulla sp colonies. The aim of this study was to determine antifungal activity of pare leaf methanol extract (PAME) against Candida albicans and Rhodotorulla sp. The method used in this study was well-diffusion method. Medium used for culture was MHA and each petri dishes was inoculated with suspension of either Candida albicans or Rhodotorulla sp., followed by making wells using sterilized straw. Pare leaf extract was added into each well at various concentration of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. Data was analyzed qualitatively based on the diameter of the inhibition zone to determine antifungal activity. The study was designed as an experiment with a completely randomized design. Results showed that the largest inhibitory zone was 12 mm at a concentration of 100% for inhibiting candida Albicans while for inhibiting Rhodotorulla sp was 8 mm. Statistical test produced a significant difference, indicating that pare (Momordica charantia L) leaf methanol extract was able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans and Rhodotorulla sp.References
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Wankhede, S.B., Madhushree Madhumita Routh, Sandeep Balsingh Rajput, Sankuny Mohan Karuppayil. (2013). Antifungal Properties of Selected Plants of Apocynaceae Family against the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal. 2: 7. https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i7.15155
Bakri, H. Mohd Hussaini, A. Rachel Holmes, R. David Cannon, A. Mary Rich. (2010). Revisiting the association between candidal infection and carcinoma, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma, J. Oral Microbiol. 2. https://doi.org/10.3402/jom.v2i0.5780
C. Medeiros, L.G. Dos Anjos Borges, K. Cherubini, F.G. Salum, Medina da Silva R, de Figueiredo M. (2018). Oral yeast colonization in patients with primary and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome, Oral Dis. 24:7: 1367–1378. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12896
Chaffin, W.L. (2008). Candida albicans Cell Wall Proteins. Journal of American Society for Microbiology. 72: 3: 495-544. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00032-07
D.R. Marable, L.M. Bowers, T.L. Stout. (2016). Oral candidiasis following steroid therapy for oral lichen planus, Oral Dis. 22: 2: 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12399
D.S. Perlin, R. Rautemaa-Richardson, A. Alastruey-Izquierdo. (2017). The global problem of antifungal resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management, Lancet Infect. Dis. 17: 12: e383–e392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30316-X
Egharevba, O.O. Dosunu, S.O. Oguntoye, N.S. Njinga, H.A. Abdulmumeen, M.B.A. Adebayo. (2018). Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude extract of Senecio abyssinicus flower, J. Pharmaceut. Res. Develop. Pract. 2: 1: 16–24. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27117.64486
Egharevba God'shelp, Omotayo O. Dosumu, N.S. Njinga, Steven O. Oguntoye, H. Amao Abdulmumeen, Oluyori P. Abimbola, Ashok K. Tiwari, Ajay Anand, Amtul Zehra, U. Priyanka. (2019). Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts of Tephrosia bracteolata leaves, in: International Conference of Science and Sustainable Development. ICSSD. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2015.0099
G. Ramage, K. Vande Walle, B.L. Wickes, J.L. López-Ribot. (2001). Standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida albicans biofilms, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:9: 2475-2479. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.9.2475-2479.2001
Intzar A, Farrah GK, Krishan AS, Bishan GD, Naresh KS, Prabhu D. (2010). In vitro antifungal activity of hydroxychavicol isolated from Piper betle L. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 9:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-9-7
Jagessar R.C., A. Mohammed, and G. Gomes. (2008). An evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Momordica Charantia against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nature and Science. 6(1), ISSN: 1545-0740
J. Chandra, P.K. Mukherjee, S.D. Leidich. (2001). Antifungal resistance of candida biofilms formed on denture acrylic in vitro, J. Dent. Res. 80: 3: 903–908. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345010800031101
Keihn TE, Gorey E, Brown AE, Edwards FE, Amstrong D. (1992). Sepsis due to Rhodotorula related to use of indwelling central venous catheters. Clin Infect Dis. 14: 841-846. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4456419
Khan, A. M., (2011). Phytochemical Analysis of Selected Medicinal Plants Of Margalla Hillsm And Surroundings. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5: 25: 6017-6023. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.869
Moraes, R.C., Lana, A.J.D., Kaiser, S., Carvalho, A.R., de Oliveira, L.F.S., Fuentefria, A.M., Ortega, G.G., (2015). Antifungal activity of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) D.C. against resistant non-albicans Candida isolates. Ind. Crops Prod. 69, 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.033
Robbins, N., Caplan, T., Cowen, L.E., (2017). Molecular evolution of antifungal drug resistance. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 71 (1), 753–1775. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevmicro-030117-020345.
Samaranayake, L.P., Fidel, P.L., Sweet, S.P., Teanpaisan, R., Coogan, M.M., Blignaut, E., Wanzala, P., (20020. Fungal infections associated with HIV infection. Oral Dis. 8, 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30303-1
Santos KK, Matias EF, Sobral-Souza CE, Tintino SR, Morais-Braga MF, Guedes GM, Santos FA, Sousa AC, Rolón M, Vega C, de Arias AR, Costa JG, Menezes IR, Coutinho HD. (20120. Trypanocide, cytotoxic, and antifungal activities of Momordica charantia. Pharm Biol. 50(2): 162-166. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2011.581672
Tulasidas S, P. Rao, S. Bhat, R. Manipura. (20180. A study on biofilm production and antifungal drug resistance among Candida species from vulvovaginal and bloodstream infections, Infect. Drug Resist. 11: 2443–2448. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S179462
Tuon F. F., and Silvia F.C. (20080. Rhodotorula infection. A systematic review of 128 cases from literature. Rev Iberoam Micol; 25: 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1130-1406(08)70032-9
Wankhede, S.B., Madhushree Madhumita Routh, Sandeep Balsingh Rajput, Sankuny Mohan Karuppayil. (2013). Antifungal Properties of Selected Plants of Apocynaceae Family against the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal. 2: 7. https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i7.15155
Published
2021-08-04
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