A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF BROWN AND LEVINSON'S POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODO'S INTERNATIONAL SPEECHES

Abstract

This research presents a pragmatic analysis of Brown and Levinson's politeness strategies in the international speeches of President Joko Widodo of Indonesia. Politeness theory serves as the theoretical framework for understanding the communicative strategies employed by President Widodo to navigate diplomatic exchanges and maintain positive face in diverse cultural contexts. The research involves compiling a corpus of President Widodo's international speeches and categorizing the language use into three politeness strategies: Bald on Record (BOR), Positive Politeness (PP), and Off the Record (OR). The findings reveal that Positive Politeness strategies are the most dominant, characterized by in-group identity markers, optimistic language, and presupposition to foster camaraderie and mutual understanding with the audience. Conversely, Bald on Record strategies are less prevalent, indicating a preference for indirect and tactful communication to preserve positive face and diplomatic relations. The strategic use of Off the Record strategies provides flexibility and ambiguity in delicate diplomatic contexts. The research concludes with suggestions for President Widodo to diversify his politeness strategies, enhance cultural sensitivity, and strengthen language proficiency to further enhance Indonesia's international relations and diplomatic effectiveness.